Previous research has shown that language learning is influenced by factors including behavioural theory. In earlier research, there was a focus on the language itself and its method of instruction. But, with the advent of cognitive theory, researchers found out that learning language is a process (Qiu et al., 2021).
In the early part of the twenty-first century, some researchers proposed that the role of information technology in language learning will change exponentially from being a learning tool to a virtual environment where learners can connect, cooperate and with native speakers (Schwienhorst, 2002).
With the help of technology, a lot can be achieved in language learning. Technology needs not only be considered as an enabling tool but a driver that can create a technological environment to learn languages. A review of the strength of virtual reality/augmented reality in supporting language learning indicated that VR/AR can establish multimodal and real-life language learning scenarios (Qiu et al., 2021).
According to Wu et al., 2013, a comprehensive review of AR’s affordances showed that affordances of AR lie in its 3D visualization which provides authentic, situated, collaborative, and immersive learning opportunities. A study on the AR Pokemon Go game, for English learning showed that the AR group had better performance and results than the control classroom group in learning achievements, attitudes and satisfaction (M.-H. Wu, 2021). Applications with location based features “ usually require learners to explore a specific real-world context and construct the relation between the knowledge of words and sentences and the real world” (Fan et al., 2020), The study further shows that learners are able to have a higher retention because the real world environments provide them with clues to remember words learnt.
There have also been the advent of other language applications name; Duolingo, Memrise, Bussu, Babble, Let’s date, City Compass VR, etc. Duolingo is a gamified language learning application which helps people learn varieties of languages. While a point noted from my research showed that Duolingo can be a great application but can be a bit tiring to use because of its notifications that can sometimes become distractive. It was also observed that Duolingo is more self study focused and does not have features such as augmented reality and location based to make learning more fun. These applications have some gamification features that enable language learning however, they do not support language learning from one’s surroundings.